Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Aim: Was to determine the prevalence and prognosis of anuria in neonates.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study covering a 6-month period, from November 15, 2017 to May 14, 2018; we carried out an exhaustive recruitment of all newborns admitted or hospitalized in the department and included those aged 0 to 28 days who presented with anuria for 24 h or with a diuresis of less than 1ml/kg/h during 24 h. 
Results: during the six (6) months, we recorded 21 cases of anuria out of a total of 1123 newborns, i.e. 2%; newborns born from D0 to D7 were the most numerous, i.e. 80.95%; we noted a predominance male, i.e. 52.38% with a sex ratio of 1.1; Birth weights under 2500 g were the most common, 57.14%; vomiting and hyperthermia were the main associated signs, respectively 61.90%; 52.38%. The most common etiology was severe dehydration (61.90%). Treatment was rehydration and antibiotics in 100% of cases. The mortality rate was 14.29%.
Conclusion: anuria in newborns is most often responsible for acute functional renal failure, requiring emergency management with rehydration and etiological treatment to reduce mortality.